Name: PAULO VINICIOS CAMUZI ZOVICO
Publication date: 29/09/2023
Examining board:
Name |
Role |
|---|---|
| DANILO SALES BOCALINI | Advisor |
Summary: The present thesis aimed to investigate the psychophysiological effects of acute and chronic
interventions in high-intensity interval exercise sessions using body weight (HIIT-BW).
Methodologically, the thesis was composed of three studies, two of which were systematic
reviews and one original study. All systematic reviews followed the guidelines proposed by
the PRISMA statement. The studies were registered in the PROSPERO database, using the
Science Direct, Embase, MEDLINE, SciELO, CINAHL and LILACS databases to select the
manuscripts. The first review aimed to describe and synthesize information about the
methodologies used in HIIT-BW sessions as well as the acute and subacute
psychophysiological responses found after the session. The HIIT-BW protocols presented
variations in the number of sets (8 to 20), effort time (5 to 30 seconds), and rest (10 to 35
seconds) with “all-out” intensity. The studies included in the systematic review presented
high methodological quality. As a result, HIIT-BW sessions can induce changes in
psychometric parameters, as demonstrated by an increase in the sensation of fatigue,
anger, and mood disturbance. An increase in rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate
(HR), blood lactate, perception of body size, caloric expenditure, and VO2 after a session
was also found. A HIIT-BW session results in a higher sweating rate and training load when
compared to moderate continuous exercise, as well as a greater perception of pleasure and
preference for weekly physical activity compared to continuous training with vigorous
intensity. Finally, the exercises distribution alternately into simple and complex exercise, as
well as the use of preferred music, resulted in a greater perception of pleasure, a better
perception of recovery and number of movements with less mood disturbance. The second
study aimed to verify psychophysiological and morphofunctional adaptations in training
programs using HIIT-BW. Variation in training duration was between 2 and 16 weeks, with
a frequency of 1 to 7 days. Increase in the number of sets, effort time and recovery were
observed in the training program as a form of progression. The following exercises were
used: burpee, jumping jacks, mountain climber, squats, and sit-ups, stationary runs, and
others. Improvements in muscular strength, cardiorespiratory capacity, metabolic
parameters and body composition were found. In addition, increase in feeling of well-being,
pleasure, and intention to practice training were found. Reduction of stress symptoms and
depression was found after exercise program. Similar adaptations were found comparing
HIIT-BW to traditional high-intensity interval training (HIIT), sprint interval training (SIT), and
moderate- or vigorous-intensity continuous training (MVICT). Finally, the third study aimed
to evaluate and characterize changes in psychophysiological responses, indirect indicators
of EIMD and oxidative stress in healthy adults undergoing a HIIT-BW session. To achieve
this, 10 physically active healthy men (25.2 ± 4.1 years) performed a HIIT-BW session
consisting of a 5-minute warm-up, followed by four blocks of five sets of 30” of stimulus at
“all-out” intensity and 30” interval with passive recovery. The following exercises were used:
jumping jacks, burpee, mountain climber, and squat jump. Heart rate (HR), blood lactate
concentration (La), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), recovery (RPR) and number of
movements (NM) were evaluated, in addition to psychometric parameters such as
perception of pleasure (PP), mood and well-being. The muscle damage indicators used
were: cfDNA, subjective pain perception, pressure pain threshold, limb circumference,
muscle thickness (ME), performance in countermovement jump, creatine kinase (CK),
creatine kinase cardiac isoform (CK- MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate
aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Oxidative stress was
assessed using the TBARS and AOPP methods before, immediately after, 24, 48 and 72
hours after the HIIT-BW session. Differences were analyzed by t-test and one-way ANOVA
for repeated measures, with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Increase (p<0.5) in HR,
lactate, RPE and reduction (p<0.05) in RPR were observed after the HIIT-BW session.
Regarding psychometric parameters, no differences were found for PP, for mood indicators
such as tension, depression, anger, mental confusion, and mood disturbance (p>0.05) over
time. However, an increase (p<0.05) in fatigue was observed immediately and within 48
hours, and a reduction in vigor was observed immediately after the session. In relation to
well-being, the indicators showed an increase (p<0.05) in the level of pain and a reduction
in general well-being within 48 hours. For muscle damage parameters, increases in cfDNAn
levels were found (p<0.05) immediately after the HIIT-BW session, returning to baseline
values within 24 hours. cfDNAm did not show significant changes (p>0.05). Immediately
after the exercise, an increase (p<0.05) in the perception of pain in the thigh was observed,
which remained until 48 hours, while the perception of pain in the biceps increased after 24
hours. Increases in circumference were observed of biceps, at 24 and 48 hours and in the
thigh at 24 hours (p<0.05) after the session. An increase in MT was also observed in the
biceps immediately after the session and was maintained until 72 hours after the session.
For the triceps, an increase was immediately observed until 24 hours after the session, and
for the rectus femoris, an increase was observed immediately and maintained up to 48
hours. Reduction in perception of recovery and countermovement jump performance was
observed immediately after the session, with values close to pre-exercise at 72 hours after
exercise session. Increases in CK, LDH, AST and ALT were observed immediately after,
and only CK remained altered up to 48 hours after the HIIT-BW session. Finally, an increase
in oxidative stress parameters was observed through TBARS and AOPP immediately after,
which was maintained until 24 hours after HIIT-BW. At 72 hours, only the biceps EM
remained altered with the other markers, without a significant difference when compared to
the pre-HIIT-BW moment. No changes were found in CK-MB levels. In summary, the studies
that are analyzed in this thesis indicate that HIIT-BW sessions result in modifications in
psychophysiological parameters, including an enhancement of general well-being, pleasure,
and a reduction in symptoms of stress and depression. Additionally, enhancements in
cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular performance, metabolic and hormonal parameters, as
well as a reduction in body composition parameters. Even one HIIT-BW session can
generate changes in psychometric variables, however, without causing displeasure and
mood disturbance and inducing EIMD and oxidative stress without changes in these
parameters within 72 hours of recovery in healthy adult men.
